Archaeologists have uncovered one of the earliest Christian buildings in the Arabian Gulf, offering physical evidence of a long-lost community. The Church of the East, also known as the Nestorian Church, thrived in the Gulf until the large-scale conversion to Islam began around 610 CE.
Discovery Details
Radiocarbon dating indicates that the building in Samahij, Bahrain, was occupied between the mid-4th and mid-8th centuries. Excavations by British and Bahraini archaeologists revealed a large structure with eight rooms, including a kitchen, dining room, workroom, and living quarters. This building possibly served as the palace of the Bishop of Meshmahig.
Building Structure and Artifacts
The building was well-constructed, with stone walls, plastered interiors, and plaster floors. Archaeologists found sockets and holes for doors and benches, hearths in the kitchen, and evidence of a high standard of living. The community engaged in trade, particularly with India, as indicated by carnelian beads and pottery shards.
Christian Identity
Three plaster crosses and early Christian graffiti confirmed the inhabitants’ Christian identity. Glassware, spindle whorls, copper needles, and coins from the Sasanian Empire, the last Iranian empire before Muslim conquests, were also discovered. Excavations from 2019 to 2023, led by Professor Timothy Insoll and Dr. Salman Almahari, provided insights into the daily lives and worship practices of this ancient community.
Future Plans
A museum is planned to open in 2025 to preserve and present this remarkable site, providing a fascinating glimpse into the region’s early Christian history.
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Archaeologists discover the first Christian building in Bahrain
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