A new Pew Research Center survey estimates there are 78 million evangelicals in the U.S. The study, which surveyed over 36,000 people across all 50 states, highlights the diversity within this group. While most evangelicals are white, Republican, and deeply religious, significant portions defy these stereotypes.
Twenty-eight percent of evangelicals are nonwhite, and nearly a quarter identify as Democrats or lean Democratic. Political opinions also vary, with some evangelicals supporting government assistance programs and environmental regulations. The study underscores how evangelical identity extends beyond race, politics, or religious practice.
Shifting Religious Practices and Church Attendance
Contrary to traditional expectations, Pew’s findings reveal inconsistent attendance at the evangelical church. Only half of evangelicals attend church weekly, and 23% rarely or never go. That means more than 17 million self-identified evangelicals do not regularly engage in formal worship.
The survey also found that while 72% of evangelicals pray daily, Bible reading habits are inconsistent. About 95% believe Scripture is relevant, yet over a quarter seldom or never read the Bible. These findings challenge conventional ideas about what it means to be evangelical.
Defining Evangelicalism: The Ongoing Debate
The term “evangelical” has long been debated among scholars and religious leaders. Historically, it referred to those focused on the gospel, but its meaning has evolved. Some historians argue that evangelicalism is primarily a political identity, while others insist it remains a theological movement.
Pew classifies evangelicals by grouping Protestant denominations based on historical associations. Additionally, individuals who self-identify as “born-again or evangelical” are included. This approach provides a broad, inclusive definition, though some scholars criticize its methodology.
Political and Social Views Among Evangelicals
While most evangelicals hold conservative political views, Pew’s data reveals notable ideological diversity. Sixty-five percent oppose abortion in most cases, and 61% believe homosexuality should be discouraged. At the same time, 31% support increasing government assistance for the poor, and 44% favor stricter environmental regulations.
The study also highlights regional differences. Over half of evangelicals live in the South, while less than 10% reside in the Northeast. Educational attainment among evangelicals is rising, with more than 9 million holding postgraduate degrees.
Evangelical Identity: More Complex Than Expected
Pew’s research underscores that evangelical identity is far from monolithic. Some evangelicals do not consider themselves religious or spiritual, yet they still pray and value the Bible. Others rarely engage with fellow evangelicals yet still identify with the movement.
Ultimately, Pew’s study confirms that while evangelicals remain a significant force in American religion and politics, their beliefs and practices are far more varied than commonly assumed.
Source:
Who Are Evangelicals?
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